Half shift

They muffed it.
Canada arguably needs two major policy “shifts”: 1) a carbon tax,…

by Andrew Coyne on Thursday, June 19, 2008 10:48am - 0 Comments

They muffed it.

Canada arguably needs two major policy “shifts”: 1) a carbon tax, or some similar instrument that would put a price on carbon, which economists will tell you is by far the best way of hitting our (self-imposed) targets for reducing our carbon emissions, and 2) deep cuts in marginal income tax rates, which economists will tell you is by far the best way of improving our abysmal productivity performance. 

The Liberal “Green Shift” plan was supposed to do both at the same time. It has done, at most, one. One is better than none, and is worth doing on its own. But it is not nearly as good as the two-fer.

We will get the promised carbon tax, starting at $10 per tonne of CO2 in the first year, rising to $40 in the fourth. Imposed at the wholesale level, it will not increase the tax on gasoline, which is already taxed at a rate equivalent to $42 per tonne, but will apply to other fossil fuels. By year four, the tax is projected to divert more than $15-billion annually into the federal treasury.

But the tax cuts? Over and over, the document promises that “every penny” of revenues raised will be returned to the taxpayer in tax cuts: the promised “revenue neutrality.” Did they do so? Not even close. 

On the personal side, they’re cutting the 15% bottom bracket by 1.5 percentage points; the 22% and 26% middle tax brackets, by a percentage point each; the 29% top bracket, by zip. That’s right: the top marginal rate will remain unchanged, the same as it has been for more than a decade. 

The general corporate tax rate, meanwhile, will be cut by 1% (on top of already scheduled reductions), as will the small business rate.

Altogether, these actual, honest-to-goodness tax cuts sum to about $9-billion, the bulk of it focused on the bottom tax brackets, where it will do the least good — in terms of raising productivity, I mean. The rest of what the Liberals call “tax cuts” are mostly for tax credits, ie spending programs by another name: $465 million for an “Improved Working Income Tax Benefit,” $397-million for an “Improved Employment Credit and Refundable Disability Credit,” and fully $2.9-billion for an entirely new Universal Child Benefit, to be piled, as the document notes, “on top of all existing child benefits.”

It’s not remotely “revenue neutral,” in other words. The Liberals have used the carbon tax to fund their spending ambitions. The productivity challenge has once again been ignored. 

I don’t want to dump too much on the Grits. Ignoring productivity has been a bipartisan effort. The Tories blew $12-billion on GST cuts that might have been used to reduce income tax rates. Now the Liberals have blown at least another $6-billion, and arguably $10-billion: the $4-billion cost of cutting the bottom tax bracket will have very little payoff in productivity terms. 

What that $15-billion might have bought instead! For about the same amount, we could have brought all three of the top personal tax brackets down to a flat 20%, and had enough left over to knock a half-point off the bottom rate. Or, if you prefer, we could have cut a full point off the bottom rate, compressed the two middle rates down to 20%, and cut the top rate to 23%.

As important, politically, the Liberals could have really sent a signal that they meant to reinvent the political spectrum — that they “got it” on the economy as much as they did on the environment. Instead, they come off looking altogether too conventional. The whole thing smacks of calculation, the usual slicing up of the electorate into little groups, each of which is assumed to take only its own narrow interests into account, rather than presenting a bold, coherent vision that the whole country could get behind.

Conclusion: Lots of Green. Not much Shift. It’s better than nothing, but it’s still very much half a loaf, and a real missed opportunity.

UPDATE: Mind you, the Tories are in no position to call the Liberals for trying to pass off tax expenditures as tax cuts, since they’ve played exactly the same game in their own budgets. That’s if intellectual consistency means anything at all to them.

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  • boudica

    Thanks Charles. I’m just wondering, though…

    Since Canada is a much larger GHG emitter than Norway, is that a fair comparison?

  • ESJ

    Charles and others

    Those who suggest there are no targets in the Liberal proposal should look at p.16:

    “We believe that our target should be to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020. This should be increased to at least 25 per cent if other countries take on comparable efforts. This is in line with what the science tells us we need to do. We must achieve absolute greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and we must begin today.”

  • Charles Learmonth

    It is.

    That is the problem with carbon taxes. It cannot, with any certainty, predict or meet emissions target. All it does is tax pollution, not place any limits on pollutions. A cap and trade does both.

    Btw, Norway has other parallels to Canada. It’s s considered the third largest oil producer in the world (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Norway).

  • RM

    This thinly-veiled attempt to redistribute the wealth of western Canada into the pockets of Quebec and Ontario voters (which, to the Liberal mindset, is where it rightly belongs) will not go unnoticed. Fanning the flames of western alienation, truly a Liberal tradition.

  • boudica

    Charles, I agree that a cap and trade policy is needed but why not have both considering the fact that a carbon tax allows us to move quickly and shift behaviour right away?

    Why does it have to be one or the other?

  • Charles Learmonth

    ESJ,
    That sounds awfully like past Liberal promises on Kyoto, and we all know what happened there–30% above 1990 levels.

    “We believe…this should…if other countries…”

    Where do they spell out the number of tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reductions, by year.

  • boudica

    Learmont, I guess it is fair to pass the sins of Martin and Chretien onto Dion but surely you can see the difference in terms of commitment to this issue.

    Having essentially staked his entire political future on being the leader to bring Canada into a sustainably environmental era, it would be complete political suicide for him to not follow through on this plan once in office.

    Dion, in effect, turned himself into a One Issue candidate yesterday. Even if one is given to give politicians the benefit of the doubt, logic alone tells you that Dion would want to follow through on this plan.

  • ESJ

    Mr.Learmonth,

    You can’t have it both ways. You cannot say “there are no targets” and when this is shown to be wrong change your line to “ahh, well how did that work last time?”

    If you want to spout Conservative talking points then that is fair enough. If you want to have a substantive exchange about today and how we can move forward, well then welcome aboard.

    Where are the year over year targets? Are you serious? The Government’s widely ridiculed plan does not provide these. Major environmental groups do not call for annual numbers. Nobody who looks at this topic does that.

    The general scientific consensus is 1) 20% or more by 2002 and 2) reductions below 1990.

  • boudica

    I only have one question for the naysayers:

    Do you have a better idea?

  • Wayne

    In think Andrew has said it best as this is not a plan but really an election platform, budget and large government program all rolled into one. Of course this does not surprise me because that is always the liberal solution to any given problem -setup another government program. I give Dion major cudos for such as it does appeal to a certain shallow first glance that makes me feel happy sort of response however as you drill down and as usual with liberal plans it fails to make any serious dent in the problem and major promises will be broken – I love the ” Promise ” gas prices will not increase – hmmm wait a sec aren’t large trucks diesel and don’t these diesel trucks deliver the gas to the stations and since diesel will be carbon taxed then doesn’t that mean the cost of delivery will go up … hmmm I wonder do you think that this will be passed on to joe canuck

  • http://cork2toronto.blogspot.com Mark Dowling

    “In other words, in the startup phase they’re just bringing other forms of fossil fuel up to par with the existing tax on gasoline.
    They don’t say this, but it’s pretty clear what comes next: the carbon tax continues to increase beyond $40, and the gasoline tax gets folded into it. Meaning the tax on gas will increase, starting in year five.”

    Also known as the UK’s “Fuel Price Escalator”.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_Price_Escalator

    “The end to the escalator was announced on November 9, 2000, following the UK fuel protests, of which it was a contributory factor. When the escalator ended, fuel in the UK was the most expensive in Europe, with fuel tax representing over 75% of the retail price of fuel. In 1993 UK fuel had been amongst the cheapest in Europe.”

  • Phil PEI

    Andrew, you are a sham. There are many independent experts saying the plan is revenue neutral. For you to say, “tax cuts …to …….. the bottom tax brackets, … will do the least good — in terms of raising productivity,” is a totally irresponsible comment; especially when you couple it with comments on how the rich need a tax break. Your thinking that only the wealthy can be productive is inexcusable. Maybe we should start talking about social and economic justice; something I doubt you have ever given much consideration to.
    You sound like a whiner who just might have to start taking responsibility for a consumptive lifestyle.

  • Alex

    This plan is simply to rob provinces of their wealth and give it to the federal government so they can doll it out at their discretion to buy votes. Scientists are backing off global warming to the new term,climate change, but Dion is still sticking to Kyoto? The old term that ‘we can’t do anything about the weather’ still goes and we do not have to spend billions on schemes to clean our emissions. We do not want the federal government sticking their noses in our local affairs. Provinces are mature enough to solve these problems on their own. Liberals 13-year history of sitting on their hands doing nothing proves that,meanwhile provinces have been far ahead of the federal government in action plans.Any more money to Ottawa is a drain on our economy.Let the feds stick to defense,highways,security,and other national areas.

  • d. andy jette

    “Andrew, you are a sham.”

    Andrew doesn’t need my help defending himself, but…he’s not exactly wrong about the productivity thing. Unfortunately that’s because the only generally agreed upon measures of productivity are based on income or GDP output per hours worked, which is frankly not a very useful concept. By this definition the average NHL hockey player is 5 times as productive as a Supreme Court Justice, and – well, I don’t know how much Andrew makes or works.

    This is another post for another day. More to the point for today, I don’t think these criticisms (revenue non-neutrality, wrong focus from a productivity standpoint) will reasonate with Canadians who aren’t obsessed with precise interpretations of the minutiae of tax policy and macroeconomic.

  • Gord Campbell

    “Nowhere in Dion’s plan is there any mention of how much emissions will be cut.”

    It’s true. However, the point of the carbon tax is to make energy sources which do not generate CO2, more competitive – without direct subsidies.

  • http://www.wernerpatels.com Werner Patels

    That carbon emissions must be priced and taxed somehow is beyond doubt. But in the wake of Dion’s presentation, Canadians are wondering whether the Liberal leader, who cannot even balance his own chequebook, according to his wife, is the right man to be in charge of a carbon tax. The economy, after all, is like an organism and therefore utterly unpredictable. Dion’s own plan contains too many imponderabilities and is heavy on wishful thinking, rather than actual detailed calculations and computations. For example, Dion has neglected to make any allowances for the people of British Columbia, who will face their own provincial carbon tax starting this summer. Will they be taxed twice? If not, will they still be eligible for the income-tax shift under the federal program even if the province has opted out of it?

    The cuts to income tax may look promising at first, but at closer inspection, it is plain to see that there is not enough of a safety margin built into Dion’s plan that would protect taxpayers and consumers from unexpected consequences – which always occur, as surely as the sun rises in the east. Under his tax plan, the bottom income-tax bracket would be cut from 15% to 13.5%, with the remaining brackets being reduced by 1% each, which is not a lot. Meanwhile, the Green Party has come up with a more reasonable plan, which would apply a rate of 15% to all incomes under $37,000, thus giving hardworking Canadians more of a tax break than they would see under Dion’s program.

    The Green Party is proposing a Green Tax Shift that comes much closer to the ideal solution, which Dion has ignored completely: It is probably safe to price carbon at $40 a tonne right from the start, instead of waiting for four years. But in return, the income-tax system should be switched to a flat tax, as the one envisaged by the Canadian Taxpayers Federation. Such a flat tax would come with a 15% rate for all incomes below $80,000 and 25% for anything above that amount – the threshold of $80,000 alone demonstrates that the authors of that plan have a more accurate reading of the current circumstances taxpayers find themselves in in Canada than all the politicians combined.

    A carbon tax of $40 per tonne of emission coupled with a 15%-25% flat tax built around a threshold of $80,000 would work best – for the economy and the environment. This way, taxpayers would have a sufficient safety net in case the carbon tax produces unforeseen side effects in the economy (such as exorbitant inflation, reduced competitiveness of Canadian companies, etc.).

    As of now, the Green Party seems to be the only party that “gets it”. The Liberals are trying to move in the right direction, but as usual, have botched it before they have even started. The Conservatives call it a crazy plan, but have failed to table anything useful themselves – and they ignore the fact that many prominent conservatives, like David Frum, are in full support of a carbon tax. And the NDP is also railing against the carbon tax plan.

    On the sidelines of the general debate, there have been critical voices out of Alberta, such as Alberta’s finance minister Iris Evans, saying that a carbon tax would be detrimental to Alberta and that it would unfairly discriminate against the province. This is not quite accurate, because the purpose of a carbon tax is to reduce the use and production of carbon, and while, say, Québec would not see a carbon tax on its environmentally-friendly hydropower, there is no discrimination as such. A carbon tax will go wherever there are carbon emissions, and if Alberta happens to be such a place, then naturally the tax will apply there more so than in other jurisdictions with less carbon output.

    However, since Albertans would be hardest hit by a carbon tax, not only at the level of individual consumers and taxpayers but also across its entire economy, they should be eligible for much more substantial tax cuts and breaks than the rest of the country – if Dion’s plan came to fruition, that is. No such “special treatment” would be necessary if the carbon tax were introduced in connection with the flat tax of 15% and 25% as described above.

    Canadians will have to do a lot of reading in order to form an educated opinion about the carbon tax plan. But as things stand right now, and if Canadians actually do their “homework”, instead of merely listening to their politicians (always the wrong thing to do), they will conclude that if a carbon tax had to be swallowed somehow, of all the plans currently out there in circulation the plan of the Green Party would make a lot more sense than what Dion has tossed to the masses in the hopes of putting the Liberals back in power.

  • http://Microsoft Charles Bosgra

    As per usual the Liberals have no idea about anything, we really need a new tax when we can hardly get by on how much fuel, and heating costs are already. I hope this idea sinks the Liberals since they don’t have any good ideas. All they know how to do is to grab more of the taxpayers money to line their own coffers and pockets.Are there any Liberals with any common sense or did that all vanish in the last 14 years? At least Stephen Harper is doing a great job and has cut our personal taxes which we really needed. Let Harper continue on his course of governing, there is light at the end of the tunnel with him and his party.

  • Aviator

    How many times do we have to say,”CO2 is NOT pollution!” Boudica, please note, as you keep repeating the fallacy. Catalytic converters were put in cars so they would mostly only emit H2O and CO2 through their exhausts, which scientists then, having not been politicized, realized were not pollutants. Carbon taxes are a cash and power grab with no scientific basis. Greenhouses routinely push their CO2 levels up to 1000 parts per million (the ‘free’ atmosphere is about 389 ppm) so plants will grow better. The more CO2 for the plants, the more oxygen is freed for us to breath. Repeat after me: “The sun drives the climate, not a trace gas”. CO2 is a bureaucrat’s dream – an invisible trace gas that can put people on a guilt trip and be taxed. Get rid of real pollution, not an imaginary one! Junk science is not a basis for public policy.

  • http://www.wernerpatels.com Werner Patels

    “At least Stephen Harper is doing a great job and has cut our personal taxes which we really needed.”

    Funny, last time I checked (when I filed my taxes), my personal income tax actually went up a bit on the same amount of income. Sure, they cut the GST, but there has not been any substantial cut to personal income taxes — quite the opposite would be true, in fact.

    Don’t get me wrong: I don’t want Dion as PM either. I think he would be the worst ever for this country. But I had also had high hopes for Harper, almost all of which he managed to dash somehow.

  • http://? Ken Campbell

    I have read Mr Coyn’s blog and the first paragraph say it all. Then I read the comments that followed . To me most of these seem to be written by self proclaimed experts on science and tax to the same extent as Mr Dion explaining his carbon tax policy which to put it mildly was educated incoherence. A tax is so easy to inflict but to put the proceeds in the hands of politicians to disperse is like pouring petrol on a fire with the same final result.As Mr coyn says the first part of the tax policy MAY be OK.but from then on it falls into a total lack of comprehension

  • Len

    Aviator is right:

    1. That human derived CO2 causes so called global warming is still (fact) an unproven theory that is increasingly looking scientifically unsound (eg compared to solar drivers). None of the GCM models use CO2 in them (look it up). Correlation is not neccesarily cause, sometimes in science there are coincidal covariates. Look at all the medical papers that correlate some health issue with some variable in isolation.

    2. Canada “doing something about it” will have no effect at all, regardless of whether China plays ball or not. I’m all for conservation, but lets not get stupid like this. Dinging Canadians big $$ for something that might not exist, and that almost certainly will not help, is crazy.

    3. Its really NEP v.2.0 – western provinces get nailed for all the C tonnes (eg cold, oil producing, large distances, etc) – the tax transfers go largely to Ontario and Quebec, which is really what this is all about – getting votes in Ont and Que.

  • Sophie

    let the conspiracy theories begin

  • Harry Jackson

    Revenue Neutral?

    That sounds like a Dalton McGuinty election promise.! Have you ever known a Politician that ever told the truth, let alone a Liberal?

    If this guy really cared about giving a tax break, he would simply put this idea into play, forget all the tax breaks that we would be alleged to get, just charge the carbon tax and get rid of the GST. That way everybody would get a tax break, instead of trying figure out who will get what.

    But this of course is too simple and would actually benefit your wallets.

    But I of course have beaten the system. I have moved out of Canada to a place, believe it or not where I can actually live on my pension. I won’t have to get a job as a school guard or a greeter at Wal-Mart just to make ends meet.

    I of course don’t vote and even if I was still there, I wouldn’t, because there is no one to vote for. They are all the same. Lies, lies and more lies. The only thing you can actually count on is more taxes.

  • Wayne

    The conclusion of a report by the British TaxPayer’s Alliance watchdog, states that “In many cases, individual green taxes and charges are failing to meet their objectives, are set at a level in excess of that needed to meet the social cost of CO2 emissions, and are causing serious harm to areas of the country and industries least able to cope.” The study found that the social cost of Britain’s entire output of CO2 was £11.7 billion in 2005 but in the same year, the total net burden of green taxes and charges was £21.9 billion. Meaning that even two years ago taxes were £10.2 billion in excess of the level agreed to meet the Britain’s CO2 emissions. The Alliance calculates this excess is equivalent to over £400 for each household in Britain.”We need more honesty about the costs of extra green taxes when British taxpayers already pay some of the highest pollution charges in the world,” said Matthew Elliott of the TaxPayers’ Alliance.
    The report also reveals that the main “pollution taxes” of fuel duty; vehicle excise duty (road tax); the Climate Change Levy; Air Passenger Duty; the Landfill Tax and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, each have serious flaws which indicate that the government is less concerned about the environment and more concerned with raking in excessive revenues. In addition a second study by accountants UHY Hacker Young backs up this claim by revealing that the Government gives back in tax breaks just two per cent of the money it collects through environmental taxes. UHY Hacker Young tax partner Roy Maugham said: “It’s surprising just how lopsided the Government’s approach to green taxes has been over the last ten years. “At the moment it’s all stick and very little carrot.”

  • Jim in the ‘Peg

    Well, how about talking a bit about the elephant in the room in all this – immigration. Bottom line is if you add 10% to Canada’s population in a decade, then there has to be a 10% reduction in GHG production on the part of the original population to simply stay even never mind seeing any reduction.

    Under Kyoto, third world and developing nation GHG emissions didn’t matter but if one of their citizens move to a developed country, their GHG emissions suddenly do matter.

    Very simply, if growth in Canada’s GHG emissions (CO2 plus others) is a real problem, requiring real and concrete solutions, then stop making the problem worse by bringing more people into this cold, large, country where by definition new-comers must consume more energy than in most of their home countries.

    A clampdown on immigration would naturally offend a key Liberal Party voting block and so will appear in Mr. Dion’s policy book anytime soon. Still, the silence of pretty well all the political parties, climate activists, media types, etc. on this aspect of carbon use is puzzling.

From Macleans