Beyond The Commons

Beyond The Commons

Aaron Wherry covers all the goings-on in and around Parliament Hill. Follow Aaron on Twitter: @aaronwherry

'After careful consideration'

by Aaron Wherry on Monday, July 12, 2010 3:20pm - 0 Comments

In not-at-all surprising news, the government will appeal last week’s Federal Court ruling on Omar Khadr.

“After careful consideration of the legal merits of the July 5, 2010, ruling from the Federal Court, the Government of Canada will appeal the decision to the Federal Court of Appeal.

“This case raises important issues concerning the Crown prerogative over foreign affairs. “As the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in an earlier case involving Mr. Khadr, ‘it would not be appropriate for the Court to give direction as to the diplomatic steps necessary to address the breaches of Mr. Khadr’s Charter rights.’ “Omar Khadr faces very serious charges, including murder, attempted murder, conspiracy, material support for terrorism, and spying. The Government of Canada continues to provide consular services to Mr. Khadr.”

The business of Guantanamo, meanwhile, is proceeding as smoothly as ever.

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  • brooster

    As a "law and order" government, Harper's gang feels free to ignore any law or order that applies to them.

    • Orson Bean

      Sorry, but appealing a court decision does not amount to ignoring a "law or order". I don't agree with what the Harper government had done regarding Khadr, but the government is perfectly within its legal rights to appeal the Federal Court's order. If the govt were ignoring the Federal Court's order, it wouldn't appeal it; instead it would well, simply ignore it and do nothing. That's not what's happening here.

      • Lord Kitchener's Own

        I too disagree with how the government has handled the Khadr situation, but regardless, I think it's best that they appeal this decision. It is certainly a somewhat complex legal predicament, and I think that the Supreme Court has to make the decisions on this matter ultimately, in order to provide what clarity and finality can be provided.

        • tedbetts

          Except the SCC did rule on this already and found that his rights were violated by the Government – breach of law #1.

          It goes on to say that it is not for the courts to determine what action should be taken but it also concludes that some action must be taken when the government is violating a citizen's rights. Subsequent rulings have found the government's actions to be, well, non-actions – breach of the law #2.

          They are only appealing #2 and, until a court rules otherwise, it is considered a breach of law because that is the prevailing ruling at the moment. Like an accused criminal is a convicted criminal once the jury rules he is, even if he has an appeal outstanding.

          • Orson Bean

            The original poster is presumably responding to the subject of Wherry's post — i.e., that the government is appealing the Federal Court's ruling. That's the topic of the post. So the logical inference is that the original poster thinks that launching an appeal amounts to "ignoring a law or order". That's what I was responding to.

            I agree that the courts have duly ruled that the government violated Khadr's Charter rights. And that the Federal Court ruled that the remedy that the government offered up was not sufficient. But that wasn't the ostensible subject of Wherry's post. The launching of the appeal was the subject of his post.

            So what about you, TB? Do you think that launching an appeal amounts to "ignoring a law or order"?

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/tedbetts tedbetts

            The SCC said do something to correct your violation of a Canadian's rights. They didn't. A Federal Court said you have done basically nothing to remedy your violation and you have one week to fix that. They did nothing after that.

            So if you want a technical response to the specific question: yes they are ignoring a law (the Charter) and a judgement (the SCC decision and the Federal Court decision) and they are using the appeal to give themselves cover and allow themselves to extend their ignoring of the law and the judgements.

            They continue to try to count how many angels can dance on technicalities in the hopes of this issue disappearing before an election, or at the very least muddying the issues.

          • Mike R

            The question of whether they did something to correct the previous government's violation of Mr. Khadr's rights is the issue before the court. The government says they did what they reasonably could to correct the violation – Mr Khadr disagrees. The Federal Court decision is primarily a process-based one, that is, it was concerned with whether Mr. Khadr had been given adequate notice of the government's proposed solution to his problem and whether he should have had a role in crafting that solution. That, by itself, is an interesting issue which deserves further judicial consideration. The learned judge went further, however, and appears to have concluded that the government's remedy itself was inadequate in substance, not just procedure. That is another interesting issue and one on which he may well have been exceeding his jurisdiction in the motion before him. Anyway, these are important principles and the government really had no option but to appeal to ensure there is as much clarity about them as possible. So, no, the government clearly hasn't been ignoring the SCC ruling nor are they ignoring this one.

          • brooster

            Exactly. This government "decision" is part of a larger pattern of conduct in which it simply disregards laws or legal findings with which it disagrees. Its own legislation mandating fixed election dates is another case in point. When it became inconvenient for them, they simply ignored it.

          • brooster

            My participation here is being hampered by local internet service outages. My previous comment meant to point out that the government has already ignored a SCoC finding many months ago that Khadr's rights were being abridged. The government has only taken this most recent action because the court has commented again. Had the court not done so, there's no evidence this government would ever have addressed the court's original finding.

          • Orson Bean

            I'm not sure that you're correct there. I thought that in response to the original SCC ruling, the government did offer up a remedy and actually did something: they wrote a diplomatic note requesting that the US govt and prosecutors not use evidence against Khadr that was obtained illegally, through illegal interrogation techniques (including, I believe, torture). That action on the part of the government was subsequently ruled by the Federal Court to be inadequate, and it's that Federal Court ruling that is now being appealed to the SCC. But if I have the facts and/or chronology wrong, I'm happy to be corrected on that.

          • brooster

            I do believe you're right. Thanks for filling in the blanks.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            Your understanding aligns with mine.

            Feel free to recoil in horror at that thought, if you still want to be "in" with the cool kids…

          • Lord Kitchener's Own

            My point was really meant simply to say that I'd like the Supremes to rule that the government's actions (such as they were) are insufficient, and maybe this time even give the government a wee bit of a nudge towards what WOULD be sufficient.

            Honestly, I think that simply asking for Khadr to be repatriated might be found to be sufficient, but I think the government is loathe to do that, lest the Americans just say "OK".

          • Orson Bean

            Agreed 100% with you on both points, LKO.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            While I disagree with you about "liking" the idea of the SCOC deciding it should start directing foreign policy, I do agree with you that Ottawa is loathe to ask for repatriation, exactly for the reason you cite. And, I agree with Ottawa on the loathing thing.

  • Bob

    One interesting aspect of this is that the Supreme Court has already ruled that Khadr's rights have been breached and the federal government must remedy the situation. Now, if there really is only one remedy – ask the U.S. to release Khadr to Canada – why did the Supreme Court leave the government this "discretion"?

    • Orson Bean

      I think the Supreme Court was trying to strike a balance between its authority to rule on Charter breaches on the one hand, and the government of the day's legitimate right to conduct foreign policy as a political (i.e., non-judicial) matter on the other hand. Really a classic conflict between the political/executive realm and the judicial realm.

      But my problem with the SCC's decision was that it ended up being half a loaf. I suppose I'm being simplistic, but my inclination at the time was if you find a breach, then you have to be willing to at least suggest a remedy. Yet as I understand it, the SCC refused to even suggest a remedy, never mind actually ordering one (& please correct me if I'm wrong there).

      It really was a bizarre ruling that way: "we've found a breach of Charter rights here, but we're going to let you, the party who breached those rights, tell us what you're going to do to remedy this breach. And we're not even going to suggest specifically what you should do to remedy this breach."

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/canon70 canon70

        You're right. It was bizarre. However, they did avoid the accusation that they are judicial activists. I would like to know how much the government has spent fighting this case.

      • Bob

        In principle I actually have little problem with the Supreme Court declaring when rights are infringed, but leaving it to Parliament to come to an adequate solution. EXCEPT, however, if the Court already knows it will only consider one particular solution adequate. The Court did what it often does, it made a political decision and tried to show some balance so that it wouldn't appear to be too "activist" (particularly because courts have traditionally let foreign affairs matters completely to the discretion of government).

        Here the Court should have been clear, and it appears, will have another chance to be so.

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/Stewart_Smith Stewart_Smith

        I really did not find that part bizarre. The government had made the case that foreign policy was outside of the courts jurisdiction, in part because it was outside of the courts competency. The court accepted the latter argument which means that the government needs to take the lead in suggesting remedies.

        • http://intensedebate.com/people/tedbetts tedbetts

          That was my read.

          Or to put it slightly differently: the SCC said that:

          - the government has violated this citizen's rights which it is not allowed to do and which is something we judges are competent to rule on,
          - the government must take action to remedy this violation of a citizen's rights which is also something we judges are competent to rule on,

          but

          - the government must decide what that remedy will be because we are not competent to direct the specific actions of the government in this matter

          Then the government does nothing. And the court process begins again.

          Very similar to the detainee actions and Miliken's decision. The SCC and the Speaker basically conclude that the government is not doing its job, breaking the law, but that it would be far too heavy-handed for them to spell out the exact solution so 'back to you' government and do your job. Which they refuse to do.

          Give this government any milimetre of space and they take hectares.

          • Orson Bean

            "Then the government does nothing. "

            Let me just start by saying I think the govt should have requested Khadr's repatriation long ago. But TB I don't think what you've said there is quite accurate. As I understand it, the government did offer up a remedy and actually did something: they wrote a diplomatic note requesting that the US govt and prosecutors not use evidence against Khadr that was obtained illegally, through illegal interrogation techniques (including, I believe, torture).

            You can argue that that's lame or whatever. But they didn't do nothing.

            As I understand it, the Federal Court ruled that that action by the government was not adequate. And that's why we find ourselves at this juncture.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/tedbetts tedbetts

            Well if you want to say barely doing anything at all is different than doing absolutely nothing at all, I agree.

            But even then, a Federal Court gave them 7 days to do more. They ignored that and have done nothing since then.

          • Mike R

            They haven't ignored the Federal Court ruling, they have appealed it. As anyone involved in litigation is entitled to do when they disagree with a judge's decision.

            As noted above, the government did take steps to correct the Charter violation identified by the SCC. Mr, Khadr doesn't agree that was effective, but there is no evidence to support a conclusion any other steps taken by the government would be effective. The Americans have given no indication they would release Mr. Khadr if asked to – and short of sending in JTF2 to "rescue" him, there seems little else that would satisfy those who think "something" has to be done. Mr. Khadr is on trial for murder. It seems unlikely any American government would allow him to simply walk away from such a charge.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/Stewart_Smith Stewart_Smith

            The big mistake the government made was in doing nothing (early on) and as a result pushing this all the way to the Supreme Court. As a result, the Supreme Court came up with a pretty clear (and I think groundbreaking) decision. Essentially in Canada, the court system now has a role in second guessing the Crown on foreign policy. There are lots of caveats to the above decision, but still it is now there and will encourage other cases in the future. Many would blame activist judges for this, but really in this particular case that requires a simplistic take on the case. It wasn't just that Khadr's rights were abused by the Americans, but that the Canadian government actively participated in abusing those rights. It would be virtually impossible to find a case better suited to diminishing the Crown's authority. It is hard to understand Harper's recklessness in this… the potential gain in pursuing this were minuscule both in terms of politics & policy. Harper may yet win the Khadr battle, but he already lost the war.

          • brooster

            I don't think the Court is weighing in on foreign policy…it's commenting on a breach of an individual citizen's constitutional rights, which the government is trying to characterize as interference in foreign affairs. I think there's a big difference. Your interpretation would limit the Court's purview regarding the government's constitutional obligation to Canadians abroad.

            If the government gets away with this, it will be able to pick and choose the citizens abroad for which it will advocate, on the grounds that this is a matter of foreign policy. I find that somewhat unsettling.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/Stewart_Smith Stewart_Smith

            At this point, the government does get to pick and choose. They might choose to help a woman in Mexico, but ignore one in Nairobi. I think the best one can hope for is that common decency and political pressure drives the government to act in an appropriate fashion.

          • Orson Bean

            "At this point, the government does get to pick and choose. They might choose to help a woman in Mexico, but ignore one in Nairobi."

            Exactly, Stewart. That's exactly what I've been wondering about ever since the court decision came out here. I had always understood that as a Canadian travelling abroad, the sort of consular assistance that I can expect to get from the Canadian government is really quite limited, and that I can't expect to really have them do much of anything beyond the rather perfunctory and procedural. The general message I had always taken away from these sorts of warnings (not to mention the movie Midnight Express) is that when you travel abroad, don't break the law, because once you do, you're basically at the mercy of the country in which you do so. But I'll leave it to the foreign relations/IR wonks here to speak with authority on that.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            Stewart and Orson, have a look at "Bon Voyage, But" which is the published warnings that the federal government offers Canadians contemplating foreign travel. The gist: you won't be in Canada anymore. Don't expect royal treatment. The best we can do is insist you be treated as (un)fairly as a local, find you (but not pay for) a local lawyer and relay messages to family back home. There may be a few other little things, but that's what I recall from the brochure.

            And yes, Ottawa SHOULD pick and choose how to balance the national interest in relations with another country with the interests of an accused criminal who happens to be a Canadian citizen abroad. To insist otherwise is crazy.

          • Orson Bean

            Thanks myl, that's exactly the federal government publication I was thinking of.

          • brooster

            In that case, the government should indiscriminately surrender ALL Canadians abroad to the vagaries of foreign justice. Otherwise, it must presume guilt or innocence of the individual (witness Khadr), and pass judgment on the adequacy of due process in other countries. Do you really want the government exercising such judgment, given its apparently hoary record in some cases?

            The only way to avoid such moral minefields is to afford every Canadian abroad the same (i.e. consistent in all cases) advocacy, including the presumption of innocence, as odious as that may seem in some cases. To do less is arbitrary.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            You really need to read that brochure before traveling abroad. Canada can presume absolutely nothing about the guilt or innocence of the Canadian detained abroad for criminal matters. Canada does not have said Canadian in its custody. And it hasn't presumed guilt in Khadr's case, either. The words I keep hearing over and over are "These are serious charges and he must answer to them…"

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/Stewart_Smith Stewart_Smith

            I would hope anybody traveling would read that brochure, and your statement wrt what a Canadian traveling is entitled to is as usual completely correct. However, it's connection to reality is a little strained. There are numerous reports of the Canadian government arranging for ransom payments etc to obtain the release of Canadians. (I don't think it is in the brochure) However, I do agree that it has to be left to the government to decide which cases it can engage in and how. So to conclude, our current status is that a Canadian abroad is entitled to practically nothing, but sometimes the government does a great deal to help them.

            The point is that the ruling of the Supreme Court has now opened the door for a clever lawyer to construct an argument why the government should be compelled to do something. Given that the nature of precedents is like a racket, I expect more and more court cases of these sorts. It is not a good thing.

          • brooster

            Whom should the government rescue and who should be left to the fates? Are you comfortable that such decisions, usually made with incomplete information at hand, may/will be based on the government's ideological bent, the state of diplomatic relations between our government and another, and even domestic politics. The Canadian of convenience will be rescued from Lebanon (by the hundreds) while a possibly wrongly convicted Canadian sits on death row in a jail cell in the American south.

            I 'm not persuaded that this, or any, government should be left to discriminate for its own on such matters.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            I 'm not persuaded that this, or any, government should be left to discriminate for its own on such matters.

            Then think things through a little more. If a country is willing to send in special forces to extract a particular citizen in difficulty abroad, then, under your no-discrimination rule, it must do so for all of its citizens in trouble abroad?

            There will always be nuance. If you don't like the particular nuance at any given time, (a) don't ever leave Canada, (b) keep your nose absolutely squeaky clean if you do ever leave Canada, (c) vote for a different style of nuance at the federal election.

          • brooster

            Of course, there will always be "nuance"; it's a complicated world. But that sounds exactly like the government's justification for blundering around out there, sorting out other countries into "white hats" and "black hats" and citizens abroad into "deserving" and "undeserving". So far, that has resulted in the government facilitating (and possibly participating in) the interrogation and torture of at least one Canadian overseas, ignoring a Canadian imprisoned in Mexico until the media broke the story, while negotiating the ransom and release of another Canadian kidnapped abroad…oh, and musing about determining refugee status on the basis of whether the country of origin is "democratic" (which, of course, only our government can decide, using God-knows-what criteria).

            But good on you and madeyoulook for entrusting the government with those calls. I guess it's a matter of judgment as to whose stance is naive.

            For me, I'd prefer that professional consular staff in the field conduct an impartial (to the extent that's possible) risk assessment and base intervention on that judgment. The assertiveness of intervention would, obviously, differ based on whether the individual is in peril for their life, under detention, or merely stranded, but it would be applied with even hand in all cases, without interference by politicians unless it's to advance the case based on previously-noted risk assessment.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            But good on you and madeyoulook
            Why thank you, and thanks again!

            Consular staff will do their consular stuff. The extent to which my country decides it needs to escalate its stance towards another nation over the detention of a Canadian citizen MUST absolutely be left to the politicians who answer to the electorate.

            Do you think it was the receptionist in our Beirut Embassy who called in a ship or two for the "I am Canadian all of a Sudden" Mediterranean cruise to Cyprus? Here's a hint: no, it wasn't.

            Your "assertiveness of intervention" on behalf of my country is above the pay grade of the Consul General. And it should be.

          • brooster

            "Do you think it was the receptionist in our Beirut Embassy who called in a ship or two for the "I am Canadian all of a Sudden" Mediterranean cruise to Cyprus? Here's a hint: no, it wasn't."

            WTF?

            OK, no argument from me on the question of where authority should ultimately reside…it's how the call is made that is disturbing. This government is not renowned for consulting or utilizing its professional staff in numerous contexts and, in this field, I find that especially dangerous.

            I know, I know, vote them out, etc.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            Not "etc." Exactly! Foreign relations, diplomacy and our armed forces are (checking the Constitution) some of the major reasons why we bother to HAVE a federal government, (Ignatieff wanting to become a grand provincial premier revamping childhood education notwithstanding).

            We elected them to make those decisions. We can change the people who make those decisions. You are catching on.

          • http://intensedebate.com/people/madeyoulook madeyoulook

            Are you comfortable that such decisions, usually made with incomplete information at hand, may/will be based on the government's ideological bent, the state of diplomatic relations between our government and another, and even domestic politics[?]

            Not only am I comfortable, I can't see how any other process can even begin to make sense. In the real world, anyways.

          • Great Walls of Fire

            Although charter rights law in Canada is as amorphous as the Gulf oil spill, there has evolved over time a fairly standard remedy in situations where the prosecution has gained evidence in breach of one's charter rights – exclusion of the evidence. This is precisely what the Harper government sought from the Americans. The Americans politely refused, operating under an obvious delusional misapprehension they were equally subject to the authority of the Canadian courts, silly dolts!

            I still think Harper needs to push harder for the American military prosecutors to exclude any thing they got from the Cdn embassy folk who visited Omar after he'd only had a few hours sleep and had eaten the McDonalds food they brought him (surely as egregious a breach of charter rights fathomable). This would leave the Americans having to make their case on the thinnest gruel of evidence imaginable, to wit:

            1. Omar was one of two "insurgents" to have survived the bombing of the compound and it seems rather likely either he or the other lad tossed the grenade the killed the US medic;

            2. That rather colourful video tape the US found hidden beneath the floorboards of the bombed out compound the day after the firefight (while the dead medic's US colleagues were doing their darndest to save Omar's life) that showed Omar assembling bombs, joking about jihad, etc. (of course, it's probably safe to assume the US didn't get a warrant from the Afghani warlord prior to sifting through the rubble, tainting THIS evidence);

            3. The satellite phone signal that alerted the US patrol about the the presence of the insurgents in the nearby compound was traced to a phone that belonged to Omar or his family.

            I'm quite sure there must be other evidence as well – not even a kangaroo court like the now-Obama sanctioned US military tribunals would allow a prosecution to proceed without something more than this – but we true believers in Canadian judicial exceptionalism must keep our spirits up and think of that happy day when Harper hands over the big cheque and makes the emotional apology to Omar when he is finally back in his beloved Canada!

    • madeyoulook

      Bob, I am not so certain the SCOC believed there was but a single remedy. In fact, since they specifically left the decision to the federal government (or, IIRC, to the "Crown" as represented by the foreign government), that to me suggests there was an array of options (greter than one) from which to choose.

      Only a federal court judge was annoyed by the decision made by the federal government on how to redress the Charter violation. Before anyone jumps the gun, let us see if the SCOC agrees.

  • Dee

    Khadr is the last foreigner currently incarcerated at Guantanamo (Britain, Australia, etc. have already re-patriated their citizens to be tried in their own courts). No matter what you think of the Khadr family, this is a national embarrassment.

    • Mike R

      I believe he was the only foreigner accused of murder. That makes it very difficult for any US government (especially one in as challenging a postion as Mr. Obama's ) to turn him loose. Especially when it is not at all clear there are any charges that could be laid against Mr. Khadr in Canada. What Canadian law has be broken?

  • Brighton Bugler

    Khadr fought with our enemies. There is no embarrassment whatsoever in leaving him in the prisoner of war camp at Guantanamo Bay.

  • Out There

    Khadr deserves (a) a fair trial, in the appropriate jurisdiction; (b) the rights that are granted to any other Canadian citizen who is detained abroad. There aren't two classes of Canadian citizens.

    It may very well be the case that Khadr deserves to be locked up for a very long time. (Though his age at the time of the alleged offense complicates things.) But, if Khadr is incarcerated, it should be as the result of a guilty verdict. He shouldn't be held in custody indefinitely just because the Canadian government finds him too embarrassing to deal with.

  • Blacktop

    I agree with Bugler. This is a Canadian citizen? This gang is picking nits again. The correct political decison is to let the Americans imprison him for murder.

  • Blacktop

    On reflection I think the principal question is what a person has to do to be deprived of citizenship. The fact that the Kadhr family, including Omar shou,ld have had their citizenship lifted as soon as they went to Afghanistan and made it obvious they were committing trreason by giving aid to the enemy and enrolling in courses to train them to be terrorists. Or is the Citizenship Act is faulty if it has no mechanisms to stop people like that from becoming citizens in the first instance and to rescind citizenship ex post facto. The family crimes (treason) are greater than murder, in my opinion. In short we should not leave this thing to legalists or the courts. Who can be a citizen is a political matter and our foreign service is remiss by letting these people in in the first place.. Were they refugees?

  • Blacktop

    That should be sec 46(1)

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