Colby Cosh

Colby Cosh

Maclean’s man in Edmonton writes about everything. Follow Colby on Twitter: @colbycosh

MS liberation: the trial I'd like to see

by Colby Cosh on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 5:38am - 0 Comments

Alberta Health Services, the centralized corporate behemoth that runs the province’s healthcare system, disappointed advocates of “liberation therapy” for multiple sclerosis last week by putting out an amazing discussion paper [PDF] surveying the relationship between MS and “chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency”. It summarizes clinical knowledge in an accessible way and raises points that even CCSVI skeptics have overlooked. One simple example: “If proven, the association between MS and CCSVI may actually be explained by MS causing CCSVI.”

Given the logical and empirical problems with Dr. Paolo Zamboni’s theory and the special risks of venous angioplasty and stent insertion, Alberta politicians can feel comfortable in taking a hands-off attitude toward Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall’s aggressive push for more trials of liberation therapy. If members of the Stelmach cabinet still want to pay for some risk-free research, though, I have a completely serious suggestion: why don’t we test Zamboni himself? We could do it live on cable TV. Actually, since CTV’s flagship W5 program (with synergistic assistance from the Globe & Mail) played such a large role in creating the furore over Dr. Zamboni’s theories, it’s possible the network would like first crack at the broadcast rights.

Zamboni claims to be able to tell MS sufferers apart from healthy individuals with virtually perfect accuracy just by looking at suitable medical images of the neck veins. There is no reason why the world should settle for his mere assurance that he can do so, since this ability ought to be simple to prove. And if he can do it he has no reason to be afraid to demonstrate it. It does not make much sense for the world to perform countless multi-million-dollar trials of his treatment before we check out the most basic, inexpensively verifiable element of his claims. (It certainly does not make sense to let people buy MRIs and other scans for “venous insufficiency” until we know whether that phrase has any practical meaning.)

So why not let Dr. Zamboni declare what images he requires, take 50 sets of snapshots of MS patients and 50 sets from healthy controls, and let him have at the pile of 100 file folders? Invite him to Alberta. Pay his expenses. Give him as much time as he needs. Have clinicians (and, preferably, some conjurors) present to establish proper, bulletproof double-blinding. The cost would probably come in at well under $100,000 and we would have our result instantly. Either he identifies the MS patients at a rate much better than chance or he doesn’t. If he scores close to 100%, as he has implied he can, then we would have strong reason to believe that vein structures are associated with MS. And we could justifiably move on toward establishing the proper direction of the causal arrow that those crotchety killjoys at AHS are so concerned with.

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  • Sheryl

    Colby, this must be the most commenting you have ever had. Why else would you keep putting up garbage articles about such an important subject. Stop being so pathetic and use your powers for good.

  • Nick

    Although not in a published study, Zamboni has recently been quoted as saying that the new testing study has done over 500 blinded tests, with 90% of pwMS having detectable CCSVI as compared to 2% of the general population. All very interesting, but completely irrelevant to treatment.

    An even simpler and cheaper study than Colby's, which would advance the debate, would be to get 100 consents from Canadians who have gone abroad for treatment, compare their current EDSS scores from a post surgery neurology exam against the EDSS scores pre-surgery. Get the neurologists already paid to do the work to provide the 2 numbers to the spreadsheet – add and divide by 100. On average, pwMS get worse over time, i.e. EDSS goes up, if the average over 100 people is that people get better, then some clinical benefit of the TREATMENT is established; justifying further trials on the TREATMENT. Unlike Colby's study, my study involves no unnecessary medical treatment, merely consents to the use of existing anonymous medial information – 2 EDSS scores.

    I am pro-CCSVI, but I think it is disingenous to say that only anti- CCSVI people call this a cure.

    Occam's Razor. CCSVI is characterized as being a generally congenital disorder, similar problems occur in veins around the body. The redundant venous system is stressed in people with MS and fails over time. Instead of varicose veins and skin ulcers, when the cerobrospinal system has a venous insufficiency problem which is permitted to become chronic, MS is one of the possible results. I might be wrong, and my opinion is irrelevant.

    The Canadian study proposed by the premiers may also be irrelevant (except that some of the people in the study get to be treated), as there are studies on the treatment underway in a number of places and the preliminary results presented at the CCSVI Symposium at SUNY in July are very promising – overwhelmingly so.

    Fingers crossed not only for people who have or might get MS, but also as a possible research path for similar diseases, like TM.

  • Curious George

    What a ridiculous article .. do the tentacles of Big Pharma reach all the way into MacLeans ??

    Here's a easy test …. call say 100 people who have had the treatment , or 1000 even . How many feel better ? how many don't ?… write down the answer and publish it on the internet ..

    Angioplasty is a cheap and proven technique and if it helps MS so much the better .

  • HJK

    There is a discrimination lawsuit in the works to help bring the liberation treatment to all Canadians.

    Please visit: http://www.angioplastyforall.com/

    Join us.

  • Openmindedsceptic

    @Stewart_Smith who stated:
    "There is plenty of anecdotal evidence of a positive effect, I have not seen any for a null or negative effect on those undergoing the treatment."

    In these 15 pages, you will see that not everyone has had a "miracle" recovery. The staunch devotees still say they'd try it again….hope does spring eternal.
    http://www.thisisms.com/ftopic-12342-days0-ordera…
    http://www.thisisms.com/ftopic-13020-days0-ordera…

  • Stewart_Smith

    I understand your righteous uber-skepticism towards the Zamboni theory, however it might be worth considering recent history. The last time Canada rejected the practical application of a Zamboni idea nearly led to an international embarrassment for our country. We were shown to short-sighted, unprepared and cheap. We are indeed fortunate that in the end, Zamboni was gracious enough to overlook our poor behaviour and helped to save the day with his innovation.
    http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/olympics/vancouver/spe…

  • Lauri

    Great job Stewart!

  • John D

    Sir, one internet for you.

  • Crit_Reasoning

    LOL. Nicely done!

    I think the lesson here is that we should have trusted the "Zamboni" name for ice resurfacing, because of its proven 60-year track record.

    I'm not so sure we should trust the "Zamboni" name for problematic, highly speculative medical theories, which is why the bulletproof double-blind trial proposed by Cosh is such a good idea.

  • MostlyCivil

    I so hate it when I agree with you.

    You bastard.

  • madeyoulook

    Don't let up on this one, Colby. Reason and common sense desperately need your commentary on this.

  • colbycosh

    It's true that the treatment need not have a comprehensible pretext or theoretical grounding to be potentially useful. But a) at the very least we need to know if there's any point to all this expensive imaging–we could dispense with it if there's ultimately no verifiable difference between MS and non-MS subjects, which is the finding in two follow-up studies that landed about a femtosecond after my original post; and b) "liberation therapy" doesn't need to be anyone's conscious "scam" at all in order to be useless or harmful.

  • MostlyCivil

    Indeed. Scientists, even self-styled ones, can be just plain wrong sometimes. No scam. No conspiracy. Just wrong.

  • Stewart_Smith

    Admittedly I am only following this second-hand (through your posts and other stuff that pops up to the CBC-ish level.)

    Still I find it surprising that some arms-length assessment of the treated patients has not surfaced. I am making two assumptions 1) that most or at least many of the MS patients going overseas for treatment would tell their doctors and 2) that there are standardized tests for assessing the stage and severity of symptoms of MS.

    It strikes me that while a doctor's impression of a patient before & after may not be a proper double blind study, it still would either add confidence or doubt as to the efficacy of the procedure.

  • colbycosh

    If you do it retrospectively, examining patients who have volunteered themselves because the procedure appeared to work well for them, then there's really no information to be gained. (MS is a disease already known to have a roller-coastery natural history, with random relapses and long periods of well-being.) If you do it prospectively, then you're doing exactly what's called a "clinical trial". Some of those are surfacing now.

  • Cece

    So the suggestion is that Zamboni or another scientist prove his theory by replicating his data? Setting aside the notion of it being done as a televised stunt, his data has been replicated by Dr. Haacke of Buffalo University. While the degree of association is not yet determined precisely, Zamboni with his ultrasound methods and Haacke with his MRIs both found statistically significant degrees of stenosis in the jugular veins of MS patients several times greater than that found in control patients. So the replication that is called for in this article has been done. Not in a huckster on tv way but in a controlled scientific fashion. The next step is to perfect the technique (which is not so simple), determine 'best practices' or how and when and with what type of catheter balloons at what type of diameters using what type of imaging, and put it to the test in randomized controlled treatment trials. Some such trials are already being planned. If CCSVI is real, it will prove out. As of now more research is needed and I hope everyone involved will treat each other with respect.

  • padd

    So colby, you too have forgotten about us MSers who are primary or secondary progressive-we have no periods of well-being, no roller coaster, no randomness…yet we too are helped by clearing our blocked veins. if placebo means wiggling my toes for the first time in 10 years, i'll take it.

    Stop calling it a treatment for MS and call it what it is…venous angioplasty-a treatment for blocked veins…available to anyone in Canada except MSers

  • colbycosh

    Sure. But a lot of people in your position have higher expectations than that, and don't like to hear the placebo effect discussed at all or don't think it is real.

  • colbycosh

    I would exclude "hucksters on TV" too, but I think we can all agree that that ship has sailed (commander on the bridge: Lloyd Robertson). And do you have a problem recognizing the existence of the new European studies that failed to reproduce the results you describe? http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/experi…

  • padd

    Placebo is real, no doubt. And those that just measure improvement saying 'my feet feel warm', i am suspicious of. However when a person goes from a wheelchair to a walker, trust me, that's not placebo…

  • padd

    Yikes…do the research my friend. Those studies consisted of 20 patients or so in each and were published in the annals of NEuROLoGY…(oops bad fingers)…the very same neurologists who decry Dr Z's study of 65 patients saying the sample size is too small. Do you not smell just a bit of a stink here? In addition, the protocol used in the Doppler is not what was recommended in the Zamboni work. Talk to dr Sandy Macdonald in Barrie ON…please.

  • Cece

    One of the two European studies used a Valsalva maneuver (hold your breath, turn your head and "push"…it helps expand the jugular vein as it closes off the escape routes) which is the opposite of how Dr. Zamboni tested for CCSVI (he specified that ccsvi can be imaged when it is not under Valsalva conditions).

    It's like someone saying, "Hey, I found treasure on Nonvalsalva Island!" and another researcher sails to Valsalva Island, does not find treasure, and declares the first guy wrong. Sailing to Valsalva Island will do nothing to determine if there is treasure or not on Nonvalsalva Island. (No insult to intelligence intended with this analogy.) :)

  • Dawn Lazelli

    Well, the European studies you point out counted those patients who tested positive for a blockage in one jugular as "negative." And they did not study the azygous vein at all. Perhaps you should look into the facts of the studies before using them for your argument.

  • colbycosh

    Between the two studies in question there were 77 MS patients and 41 controls.

  • JGHali

    If there exists a "dramatic association" (as Zamboni claims) between CCSVI and MS, sample sizes of that magnitude are sufficient. In fact, we should expect that nothing less than CCSVI in 90+% of MS patients and none at all in controls. And there should be no need for some kind of "special" protocol; Doppler ultrasound of blood flow in the neck is not a novel idea (especially not for the arterial side!).

  • padd

    You know, in the end, every person decides for themselves. Blocked stenosed veins are no good on anyone. if I did not have MS, i could get venous angioplasty in Canada…and I guess thats what is so frustrating. I did not come to my decision lightly, I am not a risk taker by nature…but this just feels right in my gut…ya know? Not desperate, no high expectations, i don't expect to walk again….just maybe stop the progression….so we'll agree to disagree.

  • Cece

    I can't say for certain but I think it's a problem in the imaging technique. There is still much debate about which imaging techniques are best for finding CCSVI (transcranial ultrasound doppler as Zamboni used, MRI of the veins as Dr. Haacke has used, transcranial ultrasound doppler under valsalva conditions as one of the European studies used, invasive catheter venogram as is used clinically, or intravascular ultrasound used during a catheter venogram which makes it pretty hard to miss anything). The MRI shows lack of blood flow, but it has artifacts and may appear like there is a blockage higher up but the narrowing may actually be a result of low blood flow caused by a blockage lower down. Transcranial ultrasound doppler shows flow impressively but in the US it's a pretty obscure technique. I think the best research will be done using the invasive catheter venogram with or without intravascular ultrasound in the hands of a skilled operator.

  • padd
  • JGHali

    There is absolutely no evidence that veins undergo "stenosis" analogous to arteries; they are not subject to atherosclerotic change and are naturally collapsable and distensible. Even in proposed CCSVI, the veins are not blocked, and there is at best some degree of unquantified "reflux" with no obvious clinical significance. Any physician recommending or performing an invasive procedure without any evidence of benefit is behaving unethically.

  • MostlyCivil

    Exactly. it's not JUST placebo.

    What it is is placebo, plus relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS.

    Because you know, as well as I, that the classifications of MS are fluid, and mostly guesswork.

  • madeyoulook

    However when a person goes from a wheelchair to a walker, trust me, that's not placebo…

    Maybe it is and maybe it isn't. But to assert what I have pasted here shows you have a lot to learn about the placebo effect.

  • carol schumacher

    Thank you Arne for posting MS Beal's reply. She is correct.
    The German paper used a different protocol to test than zamboni did.
    The diverted from Zamboni in 3 critical ways, upper jugular, vs lower, parallel probe position rather than transverse and use of valsalva maneuver vs, no valsalva, as Zamboni directs. Apples and oranges.

    Is there some meaning perhaps in the breakneck speed with which these papers were rushed to press? (6 weeks later with no peer comment period) The editor in chief of the journal best mispronounced where their papers were published has been quoted widely (WSJ,NYT, LA Times) attempting to discredit CCSVI. Rebuttles have been written and submitted to him, let's see if he's man enough to publish those. He shut down the venous theory in the 1980's, before Zamboni proved Franz Schelling correct. He won't stop it this time. Neither will you, Colby. The truth is winning. the delays just add to the suffering, whose side are you on?

  • JGHali

    You "think" so? What expertise do you have in this area? And who will pay for cath lab time devoted to such venograms?

  • colbycosh

    Yes, that is definitely a reasonable, not-at-all-hysterical way to put the question. Rest assured, you don't sound anything like a fanatic drunk on indignation, conspiracy theories, and bogus certainty.

  • madeyoulook

    He won't stop it this time. Neither will you, Colby. The truth is winning. the delays just add to the suffering, whose side are you on?

    Ah, yes. Just the sort of reasoned, evidence-based, scientific progress we have all been looking for.

  • Shirley Renshaw

    THANK YOU CAROL. ALL my CCSVI symptoms are due to blood circulation. ALL of them. That is what so-called MS is. POOR BLOOD FLOW AND CIRCULATION. NO brainer. Nay sayers too bad you are not lucky enough to be in our shoes for a week. I have been living this for a longer period of time and why am I so angry all the time now? BECAUSE as Carol said this was knowledge presented in the 80s and the nay sayers did not want to or were too lazy (nah not it) to even discuss the find. They knew about this even years before but thanks to no INTERNET we would not find this out. I could have been relieved of this most frustrating and at times unbearable condition and I would not be ranting right now. NO THANKS TO ALL THE NAY SAYERS WHO HAVE NO CLUE UNLESS YOU LIVE THIS.

  • Cece

    Insurance pays when any blood vessel in the body is stenosed over 50%.

  • Cece

    IRs performing this procedure are reporting that they are finding 50-100% blockages in jugular and azygous veins. This can be a result of backwards valves, aplasia, basically all the things that can go wrong with veins in the lower half of the body (chronic venous insufficiency, budd chiari disease) that have never been looked for in the chest and neck veins. As a result of the blockage in the jugular veins, the blood pools and refluxes; the reflux is the blood going up toward the brain instead of down away from it and can be seen on the transcranial doppler. The procedure itself is minimally invasive although not without risk. Any doctor must decide with his patient if the known risk outweighs the known benefits of a procedure. In the case of CCSVI, the U.S. doctors who are treating it have decided with their patient that it is to their benefit to have unblocked and unrefluxing blood flow of the deoxygenated blood away from the brain.

  • JGHali

    Absolutely false. Carotid endarterecetomy, for example, is performed only when a carotid artery is at least 70% stenosed, and the benefit as regards major stroke prevention is not that high.

  • JGHali

    Which IRs? Where have they published? Evidence for "backwards valves"? Aplasia? Congenital malformations generally do NOT appear in isolation from one another, and there is absolutely no evidence of anything congenital about CCSVI. Budd-Chiari syndrome arises from the thrombotic occlusion of hepatic veins. Not even Zamboni is suggesting that venous thrombosis is related to this.

  • Cece

    The international union of phlebology put out a consensus document stating that CCSVI was a result of truncular congenital malformations:

    Lee BB, Bergan J, Gloviczki P, Laredo J, Loose DA, Mattassi R, Parsi K, Villavicencio JL, and Zamboni P: Diagnosis and treatment of venous malformations Consensus Document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP)-2009. Int Angiol. 2009 Dec;28(6):434-51. Montecarlo September 4th 2009 [uip09]. PMID 20087280. PDF$ Google Scholar
    Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vein, Lymphatics, and Vascular Malformation, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
    Info
    A Consensus Conference on Venous Malformations – headed by Prof. Byung B Lee from Georgetown – and experts from 47 countries – studied the evidence and unanimously voted in favour of officially including the stenosing lesions found in CCSVI in the new Consensus document and Guidelines.

    My information on IRs comes from watching the videos of the recent CCSVI symposium held at Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn NY.

  • Cece

    The consensus document from the international union of phlebology that I posted about also mentions Budd Chiari as a vascular malformation of the hepatic veins. You can get the same budd chiari result from thrombosis as you mentioned or as a vascular malformation; it is the latter of the two that I was referring to.

  • Cece

    Regardless in the US people are getting their insurance to cover the ccsvi treatment. Interesting about the carotid endarterectomy, I was not aware of that.

  • madeyoulook

    Carotid endarterecetomy: is that what was shown a decade or so ago to ever-so-marginally improve survival, but only if you ignored the ones who never escaped hospital alive following the procedure? If so, has its scorecard improved since then?

  • colbycosh

    So you're prepared to demand that other people present "balance" and do their background research, while professing not to have heard of any "logical and empirical problems" with the Zamboni theory or health risks involved with the treatment? And you challenge other people's understanding of science while dismissing questions about double-blinding as insolent and unfair, displaying no knowledge of why stage magicians are sometimes consulted on research, and boasting of "promising" unpublished results? (It almost sounds as though we can tell the good "science" apart from the bad, a priori, by the degree to which it reproduces the desired result.)

    There can no reasonable grounds in principle for any objection to the test I've proposed. You're squirting squid ink.

  • padd

    well everyybody can always learn more-no doubt-but I have 5 degrees, i didn't just fall off the turnip truck-and by god, if its placebo that gets me out of a w/chair, and allows me to become less of a future drain on society (let alone my own finances), allows me to teach again…i repeat, i'll take it. I don't expect that, but I'll take it.

    ps I actually do know quite a bit about placebo effect

  • Margaret Mair

    I referred to the word "conjuror" in that portion of your article because it is a word that implies that the treatment suggested is on the level of a conjuror's trick and could be dismissed as an illusion. I don't recall commenting on the idea of double-blinding.

    Nor did I say I had not heard of any 'logical and empirical problems' or health risks – I asked you what they are, and if this was a good basis for dismissing the theory as a whole.

    As for doing background research – well, you're the journalist, right? I'm just someone who thinks about what they read and investigates the things they're interested in.

    As for proposing scientific double-blind studies, that's probably best left to the scientists, not made into a reality show. And they're working on them.

    You'll notice that my comments are to your arguments, and not aimed at you personally.

  • JGHali

    The benefit comes mainly for patients who have experienced a non-disabliing stroke or TIA which can be attributed to a vessel at least 70% stenosed. In such cases, the benefits more than outweigh the risks, but the benefits exist only for certain subgroups in the asymptomatic patient population – I don't have the exact numbers on me, unfortunately. It's notable to mention that this is an open procedure done with continuous EEG monitoring.

  • colbycosh

    Or we could go ahead and conduct the test I suggest above, since any failure to confirm Zamboni's work is likely to be met by methodological objections from lay insta-specialists, and his theory is starting to seem awfully non-falsifiable just on the basis of this comment thread. You are energetically proving why it is useful to start with the most basic question: does Zamboni have a purely vascular algorithm for detecting MS? No evil neurologists or other nefarious conspirators against the truth need be involved at all.

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