Inkless Wells

Inkless Wells

Paul Wells on all the latest out of Ottawa—along with the occasional post about jazz. Follow Paul on Twitter: @InklessPW

The arctic: Au nord, peu de nouveau

by Paul Wells on Friday, August 20, 2010 8:27am - 0 Comments

The Globe’s John Ibbitson does the thing we’ve all had to do, attempting to insert some drama into a report because he has exclusive access to it.

“In a historic shift, Canada will make finding solutions to Arctic boundary disputes this country’s top foreign-policy priority in the Far North, according to a Foreign Affairs paper that will be released on Friday.

“The Conservative government now wants swift and permanent solutions to border issues that this and previous governments had preferred to leave unresolved.”

The point of it all? To “transform the Arctic from a hotbed of jurisdictional conflicts into a stable, rules-based region.” It’s like the opening up of the west all over again. Cartesian rigour and the common sense of the common law combining to tame a lawless frontier.

This is, it must be said, the way everyone is required to talk about the Arctic ever since Harper signed that secret Order-in-Council, “Let’s All Huff and Puff About the Arctic,” in 2006. The problem, as I wrote a year ago, is that across the vast majority of its territory the Arctic is already a stable, rules-based region; that its jurisdictional conflicts are so few in nature and trivial in stakes as to produce only a lukewarm hotbed at best; and that on the only really hard issue, navigation rights through the Northwest Passage (which is the only point of dispute in that waterway; Canada’s control of lands and resources is uncontested) we’d probably lose any legal dispute.

Say, what does the report have to say about the Northwest Passage anyway? “The report…does not tackle the dispute over control of the Northwest Passage,” John writes. Good news.

There is, instead, language on the Beaufort Sea, where Canada and the US have competing, reasonable ideas about where the maritime border should be drawn; Hans Island, a worthless rock in a useless place that we tried to turn into an international hotspot several years ago at the National Post; and the Arctic seabed, where Canada’s bold commitment is to “meet” a 2013 United Nations deadline for various countries to file competing claims. I had not been aware there was any question about whether we’d meet it. The work on the seabed consists mostly of survey activity.

The real news here is subtler and confirmed by other recent events. It’s that the Harper government is, at least operationally, climbing down from some of the silly bellicose rhetoric that has characterized the prime minister’s bizarre need to look tough in a region where Canada has neither the means nor the need. As John writes, “the report does signal to other northern nations that this country wants to advance a shared agenda for the Far North rather than simply to assert territorial claims. The Foreign Affairs paper, in short, declares that Canada means what it said recently about resolving Arctic conflicts.”

It declares, in slightly less short, that Canada does not really mean what Harper said when he told a campaign rally in 2006,

“And now there are new and disturbing reports of American nuclear submarines passing through Canadian waters without obtaining the permission of—or even notifying—the Canadian government. It’s time to act to defend Canadian sovereignty. A Conservative government will make the military investments needed to secure our borders. As Prime Minister, I will make it plain to foreign governments—including the United States—that naval vessels travelling in Canadian waters will require the consent of the government of Canada.”

Probably you’ll still hear talk like this. It’s catnip to our man at 24 Sussex. But the Harper government’s real-world Arctic policy is moving closer to the real world, which means it is getting less spectacular. Settling the second-order disputes this new Foreign Affairs paper apparently lists will require compromises and small losses for Canada in return for greater certainty. This year’s iteration of Op Nanook is a cooperative affair, with substantial participation by American and Danish forces.

This is only right: one of the imaginary exercises Op Nanook will tackle this year is an Arctic oil spill. Remember how hard it was for the mightiest country on Earth to handle one of those in the cozy, warm, easily accessible Gulf of Mexico? It was on all the news. Anderson Cooper nearly bust a gasket. Imagine trying to handle anything even a tiny fraction of that size in the frozen middle of nowhere, while pretending we had to do it ourselves because of some prideful assertion of sovereignty.

In June Michel Rocard, the former French prime minister who is now France’s envoy on Arctic matters, gave a speech in Ottawa where he took note of Canada’s claims to exclusive control and responsibility over a vast territory and seaway in one of the world’s most austere environments. He did not offer a detailed critique of the claim; he couldn’t stop chuckling long enough to come up with one. “Bonne chance avec ça, les amis” was the best he could manage.

One presumes the Harper goverment will still find red herrings in the Arctic ocean as required. But its policy is moving closer to a recognition of facts so basic even this government could not long have ignored them.

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  • danby

    But its policy is moving closer to a recognition of facts so basic even this government could not long have ignored them

    It appears you have not been following the census debate……..

    • c_9

      It's too cold in the Arctic for us latte-sipping socialist freedom-haters.

      • John D

        And how can you be an organic vegetarian when there's nothing but mammal around to eat? Barbaric…

        • Dave

          Berries. Lots and lots and lots of berries. Also, you can eat caribou moss.

          • JamesHalifax

            Eat the Caribou Moss?

            Cruel bugger…..what will the Caribou eat?

          • Dave

            Also caribou moss! Caribou moss for everyone! (Except you, over there.)

      • JamesHalifax

        c_9 noted:
        "It's too cold in the Arctic for us latte-sipping socialist freedom-haters. "

        Give it time my Torontonian friend………according to some, it's going to get warmer soon.

        I'm actually kinda fond of latte. Of course, I chug it like a man……….

    • Blue

      Yes, brilliant analysis danby. You have proven yourself to be a worthy representative of The Good Liberal Party.

      You believe it is perfectly accurate to compare the changing of the status of a random portion of a census every 4 years, from mandatory to voluntary to the offical position of the Canadian Government over ownership of the largest piece of unexplored land on the planet.

      The public are watching and judging the relevance of the usefulness of this Opposition Party. Maybe today there will be another news conference about French language training in the RCMP.

      • Mike T.

        The public aren't watching anything, much to Harper's delight.

      • McC_

        what's "unexplored land"? you do realize that we have radarsat, patrol aircraft, coastguard, and arctic rangers, to say nothing of thousands of years of Inuit habitation of the arctic providing some knowledge of the land up there.

        • Blue

          ok—change to " unexploited land ".

          • Blacktop

            do you realize there is a seismic resoource exploration ship up there right now?

      • danby

        Now, now Blue. I was having fun riffing with Mr Wells: facts so basic even this government could not long have ignored them That's what the "……." at the end was for, a kind of wiseguy alert.
        While my comment does not provide useful insight into our Arctic sovereignty, it does reiterate my view that this government is to "facts" what Chad Kroeger is to "culture". But hey, to each his own.
        As for me being a rep of the GLP, I'll gladly wear that mantle – until Mr Harper is unseated as PM. At that point I revert back to a freelancer who is not afraid to criticize the party I voted for, nor afraid to vote for another party should mine prove unacceptable in office. Accountability means something to me and I don't sign up with anyone long term

        • McC_

          hear hear!

        • Blue

          Sorry–missed your sarcasm.
          Don`t you just hate it when people are sarcastic, Why don`t they just say what is on their minds instead of all this sarcasity.

          I think that Wells character gets a little sarcastic sometime.

    • http://bigcitylib.blogspot.com bigcitylib

      Wells shouldn't provoke them like that. They may get ideas.

  • Anon 001

    I guess Harper has discovered that there are not enough votes to be gained from jumping up and down over the Arctic.

    • McC_

      too bad, because there was a nice synergy with his strategy to grow the iceberg vote.

  • Mike T.

    But if there are no conflicts how can we justify buying those super expensive single engine second best kind of planes ever thingies?

    • Mike R

      You mean how can we justify having an air force? I suppose making reference to the last 100 years of Canadian history might be a starting point. The air force has come in handy on occasion (this being the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Britain). It is, unfortunately I suppose, likely to come in handy again – wouldn't you think?

      • Blacktop

        That's telling Mike T, Mike R
        Per Ardua ad Astra

  • Gaunilon

    Come again? How does it represent either a compromise or a loss to Canada's claims when we admit that we'd need help with an oil spill? As I recall, the US asked for international help (eventually) on its Gulf of Mexico oil spill.

    We do exercises with other countries, particularly the US, all the time. Some of those involve the Arctic, and some involve general defense of the rest of our borders. It's no "compromise" or "loss" for our sovereignty in those cases; why would it be so in this?

    • Inkless

      Here I come again.

      "Settling the second-order disputes this new Foreign Affairs paper apparently lists will require compromises and small losses for Canada in return for greater certainty."

      The second-order disputes the paper apparently lists are about Hans Island, the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Seabed.

      The losses I mention are not losses "for our sovereingty," which is uncontested in most places and which we cannot usefully assert in a few. I had begun to write that they were essentially self-esteem losses for the Arctic chest-beating set, but figured I had already made that point. Perhaps that was optimistic.

      • PeteTong

        I love it when Harper beats his chest he's so much more convincing then his foreign affairs minister.

  • Stewart_Smith

    The Arctic file was one in which I was fairly happy with the articulated direction of the Conservatives in 2006. Yes, there was far too much emphasis on bravado and military might, but icebreakers and deep sea ports are tangible assets that would pay off for for many activities including commercial, search&rescue, and yes environmental clean-ups. So I was content to be happy for what they said they were going to do even if I felt it was for the wrong priorities.

    I honestly don't know if any progress has been made on these fronts. Yes, these things take years, but they take years after they are started. I have intermittently followed the survey operations of the ocean floor and I am not at all confident that Canada will meet its deadline. (My impression is that if everything goes smoothly we are on track to make the deadline; my concerns are 1) there is no buffer for things not going smoothly in a big project in a difficult area and 2) we are piggy backing on the capabilities of other countries with competing interests.

    It would be great if this could become a non-partisan file, with the progress bolstering Canadian's pride in their country and faith in their leaders. It would also be great if I could eat corn off the cob without getting bits wedged between my teeth and if snow didn't fall on my driveway in the winter.

    • Olaf

      It would be great if this could become a non-partisan file

      I agree. It would be great if our opposition parties weren't run by communist-sympathizing nancy boys, but you have to work with what you have.

      • Stewart_Smith

        Ha. The communist sympathizers don't dress that well. You must be thinking of Pierre or Kory!

    • Mike T.

      It was also the articulated direction of the Conservative Party in 1986, incidentally.

      Where's our icebreaker, Mr. HMulroney/Harper!?

    • Dave

      What is the purpose of a deep sea port in a region without roads or rails?

      • Mike R

        the purpose of a port in Iqaluit would be to eliminate the need to off-load everything into lighters to bring ashore all the goods that have to be brought into that town by ship because there are no roads or rails. The point of a deep-sea refuelling base for the navy and coast guard is because they need to refuel if they want to actually keep on station in the high arctic – and having them go back to St. John's to do so rather restricts their availability for any other duties.

        • Dave

          Except that… the deep-water port is now planned for Nanisivik, which is at the other end of Baffin Island (the fifth-largest island in the world) from Iqualuit.

          And if you want to keep your ships on station, it makes just as much sense to refuel at sea or at an anchor, as it does to refuel from shore, since the fuel has to be tankered in anyway. In fact it makes less sense than usual to refuel from shore in the arctic, since the nearshore has a much shorter navigation season than offshore.

          This deep-water port thing has been BS from the start, and everyone at DND knows it. (On a related noted, has anyone else noticed the non-existence of the "Rapid Reaction Battalions" promised in 2005?)

          • Dave

            Iqaluit. I do know how to spell Iqaluit. Iqaluit, Iqaluit, Iqaluit.

          • Mike R

            Iqaluit needs a deep-water port as well. As for Nanisivik, it makes more sense to keep stores and fuel there, rather than have an AOR on-station all summer long. Nanisivik is at one of the chokepoints for the Northwest passage, and provides access to the western arctic as well, and already has dock facilities. It makes sense to have a refuelling station there, rather than Iqaluit, which is a considerable distance from both the anticipated shipping lanes, and the western arctic.

            (The "rapid reaction batallions" were one of those ideas that get cooked up by opposition parties when they have limited access to professional advisors and think up wizard schemes on their own.)

  • bergkamp

    Thanks for heads-up, Wells. I have not been following Harper's arctic strategy all that much because I have always considered it 'boob bait for bubba', as Senator Moynihan use to refer to these type of policies, and didn't take it all that seriously.

    If the arctic strategy was a way to justify building up military, than policy was ok because I think we need better military, but if it was actually meant to assert sovereignty than it is waste of time and money because international law courts will decide these types of issues I am sure.

    • s_c_f

      Do international law courts actually work with respect to these issues? What's to stop one country from ignoring a ruling?

      • McC_

        the strength of international law is determined by the strength of its adherence (or strength of their adherence to international law). The international system is anarchic, where nations are both the signatories and the enforcers of the rules that govern the relations amongst themselves — there is no higher power for them to appeal to, since bodies like the UN Security Council, International Court, etc, are just fora of nations. If one coutnry ignores a ruling it is up to other countries to decide things like:
        (a) whether the ruling is worth enforcing
        (b) whether the ruling can be enforced
        (c) what actions they would be willing to propose to enforce the ruling (diplomatic rebuke, sanctions, military intervention)
        (d) what contribution they would make to these actions
        (e) whether sufficient other countries would be willing to join in these actions to make them effective
        etc.

      • bergkamp

        "Do international law courts actually work with respect to these issues?"

        From what I can tell, territorial claims are combination of international law, might makes right and possession is nine-tenths of the law. I assume international body is going to sort out who can claim what in arctic otherwise there will be a war, if there are natural resources under there like they think are.

        "What's to stop one country from ignoring a ruling?"

        Nothing stops other countries but we live in Canada, don't forget. You would be able to knock me over with a feather if Canada ever went against the wishes of international community.

        • s_c_f

          You would be able to knock me over with a feather if Canada ever went against the wishes of international community.

          Yes, true, although Canada has been doing a good job standing up for Israel for instance when others didn't (for example, Canada was one of the first to abstain from those hate-filled UN "human-rights" conferences which became a Jewish hate-fest).

          It would be tough for Canada to oppose the international community when 50% of Toronto IS the international community.

        • McC_

          "You would be able to knock me over with a feather if Canada ever went against the wishes of international community." Of course, it's IR 101 (uh, lefty-university-speak coming!) because compliance with international laws, norms and agreements is the best defense that countries with small populations, small militaries and small economies (like Canada) have in an anarchic international system. Small countries generally promote and respect the rules-based international system because it is in their interest: it is the lowest cost route for protecting themselves from abuse, and big coutries like the US generally support them too (while occasionally practicing exceptionalism) even when it undermines their own ability to act unilaterally in their own interest because it is also in the US's interest for small countries to behave predictably (and when they don't…. think of Serbia, or Iraq in 1991, or mroe recently, the Georgia's rapid falling out of favour)

          • McC_

            (2of2) It would be easy for another country to violate our international agreements, say free trade rules, and we generally have very little leverage, but because most countries have an interest in seeing most international norms function most of the time, countries will generally moderate their behaviour, and support other countries who are 'mistreated' in order to see itnernational norms maintained. The key, which I paraphrased above is 'most nations respect most international norms most of the time.'

          • Jenn_

            Especially the countries we are talking about in this instance, and especially when we are talking about an international ruling that affects more than one country. For instance, Canada has indeed flouted an international ruling–the one that said providing publicly funded education to one religious group and not to others was discriminatory. But that only affects us (and even only one province of us) so nobody in the international community cares to enforce it. It the ruling said it discriminated against the Dutch, say, you can bet we'd have changed our ways or faced consequences from others.

  • Joe You

    “The Conservative government now wants swift and permanent solutions to border issues that this and previous governments had preferred to leave unresolved.”

    Well I'm pretty sure everyone would love a swift and permanent solution, but that ain't really Canada's call. Would the government prefer a swift and permanent solution to the NWP that said it wasn't Canada's?

  • Blue

    Yesterday Martha Hall Findlay held a news conference and showed pictures of retired–dismissed—transferred, former employees of Federal Agencies in an effort to outline the cruelty of this evil Harper regime. The sombre faces in these black and white photos could only leave the viewer to imagine that these good people had been banished to the Gulag—probably in the Arctic. Unemployed and non-pensioned Canadians were reaching for their phones trying to find some way to help these poor people.

    Today Mark Holland may hold a press conference with a map of the Canadian Arctic in the background. He may throw a bucket of black tar on the map to simulate the destruction of the country under these evil Cons.

    The public will watch closely and judge the usefulness of keeping such an Opposition Party around.

    • Inkless

      Amen. Lock and load.

    • Dave

      Has anyone told Mark Holland to shave yet?

  • Amom

    I wonder if the Inuit would mind if they woke up one day and were told they are now Russians.

    • McC_

      Many weren't thrilled when the RCMP showed up one day, told them they were 'Canadians,' suggested they move to one of a handful of new 'permanent settlements' the Canadian Government was setting up to assert our arctic sovereignty, and then (quite by coincidence I'm sure) their dogs started dying soon after the Mounties' friendly visit.

      • Gaunilon

        My understanding is that the RCMP/NWMP were well respected and liked by the First Nations due to their generally respectful attitude, their colorblind application of justice, and their formidable record at tracking down criminals.

        • McC_

          Well, the RCMP exonerated itself in 2005, so I suppose you can rest easy: http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/pubs/ccaps-spcca/sd-ct-…

          • McC_

            The report says that there was no evidence that dogs were shot en masse; the stories I heard in Nunavut alleged that dogs were poisoned because they got sick and died soon after contact with the police. Many people consider this to be a folk myth; but for others, recent events and revelations have tarnished the RCMPs once-stirling reputation.

          • Holly Stick

            The Inuit are not First Nations, they are Inuit. And some First Nations respected the NWMP when they first arrived on the prairies, but that respect could hardly survive farily common racist treatment in later years.

          • McC_

            "The Inuit are not First Nations, they are Inuit." thanks, I had forgotten to note that in my response above.

          • Mike R

            Why aren't they "First Nations"? Weren't they here "First"? Or do you think "First Nations" is just a synomym for "Indian"?

          • Holly Stick

            Basically, First Nations refers to "Indians", whether status or non-status, on reserves or off reserves. The Aboriginal or Indigenous people in Canada are classified in three groups: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.

            "…First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the Indigenous peoples of North America located in Canada, and their descendants, who are neither Inuit nor Métis…"
            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_i…

          • Mike R

            With all due respect to Wikipedia, the term "First Nations" is simply another euphemism. It logically applies to the Inuit as well as to other First Nations. (Logically, it can't apply to Metis).

  • JamesHalifax

    McC noted:
    "The report says that there was no evidence that dogs were shot en masse"

    Actually, McC…….inuit groups regularly schedule days to kill excess dogs on their territory. When surplus dogs run wild they become feral and dangerous. They need to be culled every now and then. Not pleasant, but sadly necessary.

    • McC_

      These old stories were not about culling "excess dogs", strays or the rabid, but about killing the active sled dogs so that the Inuit might have no choice but to abandon their traditional nomadic lifestyle and re-settle in places like Iqaluit (as I said, they're stories, maybe apocryphal). Today, there are big problems with dogs in places like Iqaluit (e.g., people turn them loose when they can't afford to feed them), and many are flown down to the Humane Society in Ottawa at considerable expense!

      • Blacktop

        Probably because they found something better than dogs, although you can't eat it. It's called "Bombardier"

      • JamesHalifax

        McC noted:
        "These old stories were not about culling "excess dogs", strays or the rabid, but about killing the active sled dogs so that the Inuit might have no choice but to abandon their traditional nomadic lifestyle "

        I'm familiar with that, McC, my point was for those "peta" types who were more concerned about the deaths' of the dogs, not the reasoning behind them.

        I agree. If that story is true (and there are conflicting stories) then it is shameful, and no different that the ideology behind the mass slaughter of Bison in the US.

  • Emily

    Puzzling statement here: 'solutions to border issues that this and previous governments had preferred to leave unresolved.'

    They weren't 'left unresolved', they were non-existent. The north, until global warming which Cons refuse to admit exists, was a frozen wasteland, and everyone ignored it. It's only now that there is something to 'resolve'.

    Having been to the Arctic, I can assure you it's still no Paradise, and no place to fool around in, and play southern political games with.

    We were on a committee with the Russians and the Danes etc and getting along famously with them, agreements in place and all, done peacefully, until Peter Mackay got his boxers in a bunch before Obama's visit and tried to ignite WWIII.

    However, Russians normally like and get along with Canadians…Putin told GG Clarkson we were considered the 'people on the other side of the lake'…..and very much like themselves.

    We have a wonderful opportunity here, so I hope we don't blow it.

    Duct taping Mackay would be a great help.

    • Mike R

      No, the border issue in the Beaufort, as in a couple of other places such as the AB line, has been an open issue for a long time. It has, as you point out, not been a pressing issue to resolve, since there was limited exploration or other commercial activity in the Arctic over the last couple of decades. Now that is changing it makes eminent sense to attempt to resolve the issues.
      And, of course, we have been working closely with the Danes to map the areas of common concern north of Ellesmere and Greenland. The Russians are, as usual, the Russians, and will blow hot and cold on these matters. It wasn't Canada that started sending bombers on runs to test their defences.

  • JamesHalifax

    Mike T wrote:
    "The public aren't watching anything, much to Harper's delight. "

    Actually, Mike…..the public has watched. They just don't care.

    And that's exactly what Harper knew when he decided on this course of action.

  • Anon

    As a great Canadian who I admire very much once said about Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic:

    " … to protect Canada's Arctic sovereignty with a focus on northern residents and "aggressive" diplomacy, rather than military might. This starts with the people. You care about the people of the North. You don't say to them 'use it or lose it' as Mr. Harper has said. This is an insult. The people of the north will never lose the north. They are the north."

    " … to complete the mapping of the northern seabed to exercise Canadian sovereignty and purchase badly-needed search-and-rescue aircraft for the north. These planes will be here in the north because it's where we need them because if you rescue lives around the north, the world is more likely to recognize your sovereignty,"

    • Anon

      " … protecting Arctic sovereignty is vital and a military presence in the north is helpful to Canada's claim. We see no point in picking a military fight with other countries staking a claim in the north. We think it is dangerous to portray this argument with other countries as mainly a . . . military issue because if it first and foremost military we cannot win. We cannot win against the Americans, we cannot win against the Russians and . . . we are too civilized to shoot the Danes,"

      Who said all that? Oh yeah, it was Stéphane DIon.

      • Emily

        Ahh but the media was too busy fussing about his accent, playing with his video, and echoing the scream of 'a tax on everything' to notice.

        We lost an excellent man because of that.

        • Mike R

          "Excellent"? That's a new definition of the term.

          • Blacktop

            This beats everything!

    • JamesHalifax

      Anon Wrote:
      "This is an insult. The people of the north will never lose the north. They are the north." "

      To which I reply:
      Anon, it's that type of romanticizing that results in crappy policy. You can take every Inuit out of the North and plunk them in Winnipeg…and guess what? The north will be just fine. In fact, it would probably be cleaner and less dangerous, because right now…..it's filled with snowmobiles, trucks, float planes, alcholism, and family violence.

      The inuit are people…and like us, they have a negative impact on their environment. This is true everywhere…the secret is to come up with the right balance.

  • http://intensedebate.com/people/Ottawa_Centrist Ottawa_Centrist

    We won't take Arctic sovereignty seriously until someone tries to put a mosque up there. At that point, it will be too late.

    • Stewart_Smith

      You would have thought we would have learned our lesson when they took over the prairies.

      • McC_

        but it was so *little*, we barely noticed the warning signs…

  • BGLong

    Ah, you can take your Ibbitson (please !). I'm gonna settle back and watch (on DVD) the full
    series of Deadwood. Now that was a frontier !

  • matt

    Wouldn't a "lukewarm hotbed" be a "lukewarmbed"?

  • http://unambig.com/ MarkOttawa

    Great minds (with a nod to Mr Coyne too)?

    "The problem with the defending “Arctic sovereignty” hoo-hah is…

    …that there’s no claim to any serious part of our land to defend against, nor likely to be any. The major current and future disputes are all maritime, and should (Northwest Passage aside) not be that hard to deal with by diplomatic and international legal measures…" http://unambig.com/the-problem-with-the-defending…

    Mark
    Ottawa

    • Blacktop

      I wonder. That little piece of the Beaufort Sea is potentuially oil drilling area.

  • madeyoulook

    Anderson Cooper nearly bust a gasket.

    Did anybody see it happen, or was he on his CNN program at the time?

  • Dr. Adam Baulm

    This is where we bring in those four nuclear subs we bought from King George. Remember? The ones that would give us first strike capability in case any of Santas' reindeer got too demanding? That should settle things. Better yet – a mandatory two year draft in the service of the Arctic Rangers prior to getting an educational loan or grant might keep a border free of potential environmental bad boys and ice berg radio pirates.

  • kerry

    There is no claim against Canadian ownership. It would not be defendable to claim ownership of canadian territory by another country. Our ownership is anchored in law. You can bet there would be claims made if there was any chance for sucess. Passage is the only issue. If Canadians want to keep it a passage issue we must be diligent and allow no room for challenge of our sovereignty. This means everything being done now and more are necessary in my view.
    The future potential passage would have to be very well managed by canada. Canada needs more assets in the north. We need more capacity to manage and uphold canadas shipping rules so even if shipping grows to become limited the assets to control any passage must be in place.

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